Type 304 has good processability, weldability, corrosion resistance, heat resistance. Configure the press or other folding tool with your desired tooling and make a 90 degree fold on the bend line. From the diagram above, with the relative rougness and the Reynolds number - the friction factor can be estimated to aprox. 77 Material Iron metal Steel Steel r. ) Tightening Torque Clamp Load (lbs. For structural steel A36, the limits for the slenderness ratio are: For short columns: 40 ≤ (KL/r) For intermediate columns. Now to use this table for a sheet metal part, all you need to do is to right-click on Sheet-Metal feature in the design tree and edit the feature. The PVC pipe calculation are made with the Online Hazens-Williams Calculator with a roughness coefficient c = 145. 90. . Always verify product details with the technical data sheet and consult. The diagram below indicates friction loss for water flow through ASME/ANSI B36. The K-factor for a 90-degree bend is always: K = tan (90/2). The heat transfer convection coefficient for air is 50 W/m 2 K . (7-8 mm) thick material Austenitic Material (T304) 0. 4301/1. K-Factor– A constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. 1 mm) and 24 mass% Cr-content stainless steel (24CrSS, t = 0. Part Number: 13500. K Factor in sheet metal bending is a constant used to calculate sheet metal flat length or Flat-pattern. 0×10⁻⁶ / K. T = 1 \text { mm} T = 1 mm. 318, which is not a terrible starting place for sheet metal design. The three roughness regimes are as follows: Dynamically smooth: 0 ≤ u*ε/ν ≤ 5. Material. Example - Allowable Pressure in a Steel Pipe. The value of the K-factor is influenced by the material properties and. Finding stainless steel materials in the Total Materia database. 44 (cr4/hr4) stainless steel 0. 15CO 2 eq. 2) Technical Data Sheet. 34. During sheet metal part bending, the inside bending surface is compressed, whereas the outer surface is stretched. The general rule here is this: The softer the material, the tighter the inside radius. Stainless Steel 90 D: Gasket, Flange, Fastener as a System. For steel members, a slenderness ratio below 50 can be considered “short”. 098 0. You use a gauge table and bend table in one table. However, studies have found that wear coefficient is more suitable. The Y-Factor is used, as far as I know, solely by PTC’s Pro-Engineer, now known as Creo Elements/Pro. H Stainless Steel Tube 67 I PVC – Series 1 71 J PVC – Series 2 103 K Polyethylene119 L Polyethylene – Rural 180 M Aluminium 182 N Rubber Hose 184 O Concrete 189. 0. Grade 317 stainless steel is a modified version of 316 stainless steel. r. 6 K-factor, Upright (TY315) and Pendent (TY325) Sprinklers are intended for fire protec-tion systems designed in accordance with the standard installation rules recognized by the applicable Listing or Approval agency. MRR = . 2, θ = σ 0. This is defined as the length of the neutral fibre from the beginning to the end of the arc generated by the bend. Alloy 409 is a general purpose, chromium, titanium stabilized, ferritic stainless steel whose primary application is automotive exhaust systems. 3 Thermal Conductivity. Stainless Steel SUS304 – SUS304 is one of the most widely used stainless steels and contains nickel, which provides better corrosion and heat resistance than chromium. To calculate K-factor: Enter the material thickness, T = 1 mm. The thermal conductivity coefficient k is a material parameter depending on temperature, physical properties of the material, water content, and the pressure on the material [3]. 5% chromium and usually nickel, and may also contain other elements, such as carbon, to obtain the desired properties. An analysis of harmonic loads and a calculation of the K Factor. To specify a stainless steel enclosure for an aluminum-wound transformer, substitute the letter “S” in the fifth character of the GE product number. Insert the convective heat transfer coefficient for inner surface, h i = 10 W/m 2 ⋅ K. To calculate the bend allowance, the K factor and the derived coefficient called the Y factor, insert the thickness and initial length of the sheet into the cells on the left. 1. 4(28) for iron pipe or equivalent rigid pipe, in Table 402. The TYCO Series TY-B, 5. 6)We are going to review three bending scenarios with three different bending angles; 60, 90 and 120, and we will calculate K-Factor, Bend Allowance and Bend Deduction for them. Mechanical Properties Typical Values at 68°F (20°C) Yield Strength Ultimate Tensile Elongation Hardness 0. 00% 1. Copper and brass: 0–0. 5 = 6. Stainless steel (SS), nickel foil (Ni), titanium foil (Ti) and graphite plate (GP). Below is a discussion of several 316 stainless steel characteristics:Find the linear expansion coefficient for steel: 12. INSTRUCTIONS: Choose units and enter the following: (`B`) Bend Angle (`IR`) Inside Radius (`BA`) Bend Allowance (`MT`) Material Thickness K Factor (K): The calculator returns the answer as a decimal. We’ve designed parts with a 0. Various K Factors: Typical Steel Bolt: 0. Hust, J. 2 m 2. View Product. Hazen-Williams coefficients are used in the Hazen-Williams equation calculate friction loss in ducts and pipes. material and thickness. *The TYCO Series TY-L 5. mild steel 0. 125 and a K-factor of . have also a data sheet from amada and the bend allowance is the same for each one , so that proves these figures correct. K-factors can be determined by using the following equation: K = Q/P 1/2, where K is represented by gallons per minute, or gpm/psi 1/2, Q is flow rate in gpm. MATERIAL, BEND RADII AND MINIMUM BEND SIZE CHARTS. , and Giarratano, P. 33 K factor 0. Step-3: Value of Bend Deduction and Flat pattern are shown in Result Section. K-Factor. 0015 : 0. An air to air plate exchanger with area 2 m 2 and wall thickness 0. Turbine Wheel (Double-Flow) Meter. 018: Gravitational Acceleration: 9. 8. Stainless steel is a type of steel that contains less than 2% carbon (C) and more than 2% iron. 115 0. The tables below can be used to estimate friction loss or pressure drop for water flowing through ASME/ANSI B36. A2 Stainless Steel; Set Screws. 0. The thermal conductivity of steel is measured at approximately 45 W/ (mK), which is extremely low compared to copper and aluminum that exhibit a thermal conductivity value of 398 W/ (mK) and 235 W/ (mK) respectively. OSSB = tan (bend angle ÷ 2) x (Ir + Mt) Recall that BA is the difference between the total formed dimensions and the flat dimensions. For horsepower at the motor (HPm), use formula: HPm = HPC/E. 27 *10 /K 17. Note that the pipe is cooled, so the temperature difference has a negative sign: T₂ − T₁ = -85 °C = -85 K. Ultra-high strength-to-weight ratio. A slenderness ratio greater than. Nominal K-Factor: 8. 04 0. 75–1°. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 50 53. 44 psi/100ft = 9. Response. 1. 5–1°. Grade 330 stainless steel can be welded using GAW techniques. 1 mm). Liner profiles The degree of thermal bridging due to the liner profilesafety-factor systems: Further tighten the nut until the tube will not turn by hand or move axially in the fitting. The K-factor can also be used to calculate bending allowance and bending deduction. AISI 316L stainless steel is a modified ultra-low carbon Cr-Ni-Mo series austenitic stainless steel based on AISI 316. 304 Stainless SteelThe bending angle is 90°, the sheet thickness is 5 mm and the inside radius is 6 mm. Davis. Stainless steel is the term used to describe a versatile family of engineering materials, which are selected primarily for their corrosion and heat resistant properties. 5 throughout the article, so lets focus on entering the other two values correctly. Stainless steel's resistance to corrosion results from the chromium,. 0, 115 metric. Churchill Friction Factor Formulae and Calculator ; Pipe Friction Equations Within Pipe For Fluid Flow ; Link to this Webpage: Copy Text to clipboard. Nature of the grain boundary and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) The grain boundary energy in type 304 stainless steel is known ( Murr 1975) to vary from 20 to 835 mJ/m 2. stainless steel 316 (for mv-bs) stainless steel 316l-blow-off cap elastomer elastomer elastomer elastomer note: equivalent specification is indicative only. 35 "dry" The torque values can only be achieved if nut (or tapped hole) has a proof load greater than or equal to the bolt's minimum ultimate tensile strength. 5 Bar), the working pressure limit established by Victaulic for Vic-Press for Schedule 10S systems. F1FR-SS Series Stainless Steel Sprinklers. The above Table is applicable only for ASTM A320 Grade B8, Class 2 and A193 Grade B8, Class 2 Stud Bolts. Electrical Resistivity 4 μohm/cm. 1 11. Bend Deduction Chart K factor 0. (7-8 mm) thick material Austenitic Material (T304) 0. BA = Pi (R+K*T)A/180 (8) Therefore, the value of K will always be between 0 and 1. The FTB4800 provides a wide range flow metering in a stainless steel package. 8 and wall thickness coefficient 0. (125 Pa) for different sizes and lengths are shown in Table 402. 141). General Instructions A leak tight 1/2 in. Stainless steel 304 has good resistance to oxidation in intermittent service up to 870°C and in continuous service to 925°C. This K-factor is applied as an average value for most bend allowance calculations. Piping Material. Increasing expansion occurs with silicon, tungsten, titanium, silver, iron, nickel, steel, gold, copper, tin, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, lead, potassium, sodium, and. How to link the K-Factor and Sheet Metal Rule Style being used to the drawing. 6,and 8. So if the thickness of the sheet was a distance of T = 1 mm and the location of the neutral axis was a distance of t = 0. Features a 3/4 inch NPT (20 mm BSPT) thread size and 8. 81 m/s 2] The value of the friction factor is dependent on the Reynolds number, the shape of the pipe, and the roughness of the pipe walls. Table 2 - Mechanical properties of 301 grade stainless steel. 93 g/cm3 (0. Ferritic Stainless Steel (T430) 0. The presence of chromium creates an invisible surface film that resists oxidation and makes the material “passive” or corrosion resistant. The recommended binder pressure for round draws of low-carbon draw-quality steel is 600 pounds per lineal inch around the post (draw post diameter x 3. 25 to 0. Gauge table/bend table combination. The addition of molybdenum can provide pitting resistance in phosphoric acid and acetic acid and dilute chloride solutions and. 5% chromium. This Table is applicable to Never-Seize paste and Fel-Pro lubricant, K=0. 15 K = 0. Achieving Proper Bolt Torque: An Introduction to K-Factor. 93 1. 100 0. factor in service. Pipe Material e (mm) e (ft) Glass, drawn brass, copper (new) 0. 16. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) T = K×F×D. breaking torque; A1-50 A2-70 A4-80 A1-50 A2-70 A4-80 A1-50 A1-70R-value. Zinc Plated Steel. The nozzle is available in brass, stainless steel 316 and aluminium bronze construction. Mater. Includes additional data and reference information carefully. 5% is ideal. 9 - 9. For 6 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. Comparative Pipe Roughness Values: Material: Manning's Coefficient n: Hazen-Williams C: Darcy-Weisbach Roughness Height k (mm) k (0. R = Inside Bend Radius; A = Bending Angle; T = Sheet Thickness; K = Value of K-Factor. 75 *10-6/K 17. Stainless steel, also known as inox, corrosion-resistant steel (CRES) and rustless steel, is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. K = 0. 7 min read. 45 The K-factor also increases with harder materials such as steel and stainless steel but never exceeds the 0. 12 = Torque Applied (Nm) = Tension Generated in Fastener (N) = Nut Nominal olt Diameter (m) = K-Factor 2. VK636 - Mirage QREC Light Hazard ELO Concealed Pendent Sprinkler (K11. Where available, full property information can be viewed for materials including chemical composition, mechanical properties, physical properties, advanced property. 33 K factor 0. thick, we multiply this thickness by the K-factor to arrive at 0. Note: TYCO series TY-L 8. 80, [7] a melting range of 1300–1350 °C, an electrical conductivity of approximately 34% IACS , and (in the annealed state) a hardness of 65 Rockwell B. Monel is typically much more expensive than stainless steel. This chart is for reference only – you should always verify your process for better results. Finally, use the formula for thermal expansion:. VK338, VK339 - Microfast QR Stainless Steel Sprinklers (K5. 50. K-Factor Bend Table. You will need to obtain the friction factor (f) from the Moody chart or use a suitable equation depending on the flow conditions. General Properties. To understand how the nut factor compares to the terms in the long-form equations, let’s consider the so-called Motosh equation: × [ (P/2 ) + (μ/cos ) + (μ = input torque, = fastener preload. The internal roughness of a pipe is an important factor when considering the friction losses of a fluid moving through the pipe. The K-factor for stainless steel (AISI 316) is indeed smaller than the value for AISI 304 small. You could be the first review for Silver Fern. Therefore it is important to have the value correct in CAD software. The bending tool has a radius of 30 mm which means that our Inside Bend Radius (R) is 30 mm. Therefore, the bend allowance added to the flange lengths is equal to the total flat length. There is a direct relationship between sheet metal bend allowance and the K-factor. Its work hardening rate is extremely high, with each increase in the amount of cold work, the tensile strength and yield strength will increase significantly. K Factor. The frictional force can be expressed as. So what is the perfect K Factor for the Mild Steel and Stainless Steel? The “K” factor variation ranging from 0. 4(30) for smooth wall semi-rigid tubing, in Table 402. Therefore, the potential energy is smaller by a factor of 10. To understand how the nut factor compares to the terms in the long-form equations, let’s consider the so-called Motosh equation: × [ (P/2 ) + (μ/cos ) + (μ = input torque, = fastener preload. 1 bar (30 psi) minimum OPERATING 4. The K factor. units by 10. 50 to 0. Bend allowance with a K-Factor is calculated as follows: BA=pi (R + KT) A/180. 1994, ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7. k = 0. There are other values for stainless and aluminum, but in most cases, 0. T – material thickness in m. This factor determines which of two high-temperature strength properties should be given priority; creep or creep-rupture (sometimes called stress-. Steel pipe with other pipe wall thick-nesses are permitted to be used when the pipe is specially listed. Fanning Friction Factor. See More Items from this Family (3)We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 300 series stainless steel applications include: Food & beverage industry. °K-1. Globally, 304 accounts for more than 50% of stainless steel consumed. 15-5 stainless steel is a martensitic, precipitation hardening steel designed for higher strength than 17-4 stainless. ACTIVE FILTERS: Clear filters VicFlex™ Style AB6 Assembly – Cold Storage K 5. 304 Stainless Steel 7/16” 74. μ = static (μ s) or kinetic (μ k) frictional coefficient. Hot working of grade 330 stainless steel can be performed at 1149 to 1177°C (2100 to 2150°F). Metric K-factor shown is for use when pressure is measured in bar. A2 Stainless Steel; Set Screws. When selecting a stainless steel for any corrosive environment, it is always best to consult with a corrosion engineer and, if possible, conduct tests in the environment involved under actual operating conditions. 50 r/d=0. F1XLH and F1FRXLH Series Standard Spray Sprinklers. (oF) Thermal Expansion. Can someone explain how to properly setup and use a k-factor based bend table. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (Excel) BEND ALLOWANCE; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. 2% to 2. 5 to 16. 062 in. tK = tC + 273. g. 448 for each. From the part’s edge, dimples. If you have a bend allowance you can calculator the K factor from it. The basic raw materials are coal, iron ore, limestone and various chemicals. Austenite-martensitic steel, also known as austenitic-maraging stainless steel, is. The conductive heat transport through the layered wall can be calculated asGage Factor 2. For copper-woundalloy steel fasteners. Where, Hf = Pressure loss or head loss. But when you see an actual air-formed part, the. At this level, chromium reacts5. 304 stainless steel: 2–3°. 0. ASM Specialty Handbook - Stainless Steel - J. If the reduction is a concern with a standard Inductive sensor there are specialty Inductive sensor such as Factor 1 sensors that will detect ferrous an non-ferrous material at the. 2 5. h l = Head Loss (m/100 m). Step 6 Calculate the entire friction loss for the pipe including the fittings in this case only 90° bends but normally it also includes valves, reducers, equipment etc. 5×10 –6 /°F). 20 percent - 304 stainless steel; 15 percent - Cold-rolled steel; 15 percent - 5052 H32 Aluminum;LOCTITE® LB 771™ is a silver, thick, metallic heavy-duty, high temperature, nickel-based anti-seize lubricant paste. 0 lb/ft. 33 K factor 0. 0015 10 -3 m) / (0. Look up the steel's density. To better understand the main contributing factor to the mechanical anisotropy of AM stainless steel 316L, bulk specimens were fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). 1 percent carbon, Carbon Steel also contains various other alloying elements like manganese (1. The K-factor (usually between 0. q / A = [(17 W/(m K)) / (2 10 -3 m)] (80 o C) = 680000 (W/m 2 ) = 680 (kW/m 2 ) From VDI2230-1 [3], friction coefficient of dry austenitic stainless steel bolt is >= 0. Effect of low-temperature on mechanical behavior for an AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel. 33 K factor 0. The linear thermal expansion coefficient is the ratio c hange in length per degree temperature to length. K = K-Factor, which is t / T. The K-factor also increases with harder materials such as steel and stainless steel but never exceeds the 0. 88. 7 6061-T6 Aluminum 1/2" between 60-65 41. 0015-0. 1 in (inch) = 25. sliding (slip between surfaces) where μ s is the coefficient of static friction and μ k is the coefficient of kinetic friction. 20 Ecoguard K = 0. Stainless Steel: Water: 120: 680: 1 Btu/ft 2 hr o F = 5. Related DocumentsThe friction force is the force exerted by a surface when an object moves across it - or makes an effort to move across it. e. g = Universal Gravitational constant. It has been proven. 062). Using the table of fittings and K. Just follow these simple steps and it will spit out a K-factor for you to input into your CAD tool. Nut-Factor (Nut-Factor) 0. The k-factor is found by dividing time by the thickness of the material: The formula for the k-factor is t/Mt. Guidelines for stainless steel selection; BS EN ISO 9223 Atmospheric Corrosion Class Typical outdoor environment Suitable stainless steel; C1 (Very low) Deserts and arctic areas (very low humidity) 1. If it is used, I use k=0. 2 in. 4 be calculated asThe equation for Darcy friction factor is given below, Hf = 4fLv2/2gD. Product code: 06398G. •G is the geometry factor •qis the thermal conductivity integral. The making of steel involves many processes and stages. . Portuguese / português. r = k / d h = (0. EN 12201 - Polyethylene (PE) Pipes for Water Supply, and for Drainage and Sewerage under Pressure - Dimensions Dimensions of PE pipes according EN 12201. Mathematically bend allowance during Sheet metal bending can be calculated as per the following formula. For complete part number, refer to Viking’s current price schedule. (5-6 mm) thick material Note: Because thinner gauges of stainless steel are generally used, the force required to shear stainless steel for a given part is often comparable to the force needed to shear a similar part made of thicker carbon steel. 0. Loctite 242 is a lubricant. 4 - 10 Rotary Meter (Star or Cog. 0. Davis, Davis & Associates (Ed. Stainless steel grade 430 is a non-hardenable steel containing straight chromium, and belongs to the ferritic group of steels. K-factor Stainless Steel Pendent and Recessed Pendent Sprinklers must be installed in accordance with this section. 10 0. t. 33: K factor:. Let’s start with 90 degrees bend which is the most simple scenario. 6 – 0. The capacity factor is determined through experience and for each application it is influenced by the type and style of mist eliminator, the relative geometry of mist eliminator to vapor flow, as well as process considerations such as operating pressure, fluid viscosities and liquid surface tension. Stainless steel bolts are formed when the raw materials of nickel, iron ore, chromium, silicon, molybdenum, and others, are melted together. 17 found in seemingly identical fasteners here results in a substantial clamp load variation. Sustainable building with Stainless steel - The David L. 4(32) for corrugated stainless steel tubing, and. 03 : Corrugated metal : 45 : 0. 2. Thermal Resistivity and Conductivity The ability of a material to resist flow of heat. [/su_accordion] The Darcy friction factor is a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of frictional losses in pipe or duct as well as for open-channel flow. The four types stainless steels used in this study were SUS410 (t = 3. An air to air plate exchanger with area 2 m 2 and wall thickness 0. Its carbon content is ≤0. How much material will be needed to create said bend? We already have all the information we need to calculate it from the bend allowance formula. With this equation, if you know K, F and D, you can multiply them to get the torque needed to tighten the bolt so that it has the right amount of tension. It has high strength and corrosion resistance. Material. Editor: J. 0 Nominal K Factor S. 1 For K-Factor when pressure is measured in bar, multiply S. 3 kg/m (62. Grade 301 Temper ASTM. 19. PRELIMINARY Document Number: 002-19207 Rev. 1. 304 stainless steel: 0. The Math /. K-Factor - used for engineering programs, such as Pro-E. Or the inside radius of the dimple plus 3 times material thickness. The K-Factor is a property of the material being bent. Simple gauge tables have K-Factor, gauge values, gauge thicknesses, and available radii. If you get a message that says inserting a bend table may cause the developed length of the flat pattern to change, click Yes. Stainless Steel, type 316 (17 Cr - 12 Ni - 2 Mo) 16: Stainless Steel, type 304 (18 Cr - 8 Ni) 16: Titanium: 19: Thermal Conductivity - Unit Converter; Metals and their Melting Temperatures; Sponsored Links Related Topics Thermodynamics Work, heat and energy systems. K factor is the ratio between the distance between the inside radius of the bend and the neutral axis to the sheet thickness. 14 8. 4162 C2 (Low) Arid or low pollution (rural) 1. Wrench. Although, measurement variations by an order of 10-1 have been observed, the. If you were to re-use PTFE coated studs, the corrosion-resistant coating on the threads will most likely. At exactly the same torque level of 24 foot pounds, variations between 4500 pounds and 6700 pounds are experienced. 20: 15 - Grey cast. Stainless Steel Stainless steel is a family of iron-based alloys that must contain at least 10. Features a 3/4 inch NPT (20 mm BSPT) thread size and 8. Hazen-Williams Friction Factor (C) Pipe Material Values for C Range High/Low Average Value Typical Design Value Plastic, PVC, Polyethylene pipe or tubing 160/150 150-155 150 Cement or mastic lined iron or steel pipe 160/130 148 140 Copper, brass, lead, tin or glass pipe or tubing 150/120 140 130 Wood Stave 145/110 120 110Use of alloy 2507 super duplex stainless steel at temperatures above 482°F (250°C) causes microstructural changes that lead to embrittlement and loss of corrosion resistance. 286 lb/in3), melting point is 1400-1450 °C (2550-2650 °F), thermal conductivity is 16.